Cureus. In contact with soil or atmospheric moisture, aluminium phosphide is rapidly hydrolysed to produce phosphine (PH3) and aluminium hydroxide Al(OH)3. Humayun M, Haider I, Badshah A, Subhan F. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. Aluminium phosphide is used to control rodents and pests in grain storage facilities. It produces phosphine gas, which is a mitochondrial poison. Hepatic damage associated with fatal zinc phosphide poisoning in broiler chicks. Protective Role of G6PD Deficiency in Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning. Unfortunately, there is no known antidote for aluminium phosphide intoxication, but our recent experience with a case showed that rapid prevention of absorption by coconut oil might be helpful. doi: 10.7759/cureus.5597. A systematic review of aluminium phosphide poisoning. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. Correction of metabolic acidosis is a cornerstone of treatment. Bilics G, Héger J, Pozsgai É, Bajzik G, Nagy C, Somoskövi C, Varga C. Int J Emerg Med. Increased utilization of AlP for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes during the last four decades has resulted in … Introduction to aluminium phosphide poison. In the present case, we used the same protocol in a 28-year-old man who had ingested a lethal amount (12 g) of aluminium phosphide with suicidal intent and was admitted to hospital approximately 6 hours postingestion. 2019 Dec;23(Suppl 4):S272-S277. Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning, Mechanism of Action and Treatment: a Literature Review Fahimeh Nourbakhsh, M.Sc.1, 3Samira Barangi, M.Sc.2, Bita Dadpour, M.D. Candidate Medical Toxicology Research Centere, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2- Ph.D. Antidotes for aluminum phosphide poisoning - An update. Aluminium phosphoide is commonly known as wheat pill or rice pill. Aluminum phosphide (AlP), an inexpensive solid fumigant, is frequently used for grain conservation despite its alleged high toxicity. Get the latest research from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus. The patient survived following rapid treatment and supportive care. Conservative and supportive therapy in the Intensive Care Unit was also provided. The role of magnesium sulfate as a potential therapy in AlP poisoning may decrease the likelihood of a fatal outcome, and has been described in many studies. Treatment consisted of gastric lavage with potassium permanganate solution, oral administration of charcoal and sorbitol suspension, intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate, magnesium sulphate and calcium gluconate, and oral administration of sodium bicarbonate and coconut oil. Gastric decontamination in aluminium phosphide poisoning: a case against the use of water-based solutions. Formulations for burrow treatment are in 3s g t- ablets or 600-mg pellets containing about 56% active ingredient. © 2018 The Authors. Clin Toxicol (Phila). ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Antidotes for aluminum phosphide poisoning – An update. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Increased utilization of AlP for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes during the last four decades has resulted in increment of AlP-attributed poisoning numbers. Aluminium phosphide is used to control rodents and pests in grain storage facilities. , Shahrad Tajoddini, M.D.4 1- Ph.D. Unfortunately, there is no known antidote for aluminium phosphide intoxication, but our recent experience with a case showed that rapid prevention of absorption by coconut oil might be helpful. Aluminium phosphide (AlP) is used to protect stored grains from rodents. Moreover, due to its limitless accessibility in developing countries, AlP has been increasingly used for suicide. eCollection 2016 Jun. Aluminum phosphide is a fumigant used by -APHIS-Wildlife Services (WS) to control USDA various burrowing rodents and moles. 2009 Feb;47(2):89-100. doi: 10.1080/15563650802520675. 2012 Mar;63(1):61-73. doi: 10.2478/10004-1254-63-2012-2182. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. 2016 Dec 1;67(4):364-365. doi: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2900. Aluminum phosphide (AlP), an inexpensive solid fumigant, is frequently used for grain conservation despite its alleged high toxicity.  |  Data from California for the years 2013 to 2017 indicate that an average of 19,900 lbs phosphine, 160,600 lbs aluminum phosphide, and 13,200 lbs magnesium phosphide were applied annually in California. eCollection 2018. It releases a toxic phosphine gas on coming in contact with water or HCL but the smell is like garlic or rotten fish due to presence of phosphide gas in it. In contact with ambient air and humidity the very efficient phosphine gas is developed and released. 2008 Jan;27(1):87-9. doi: 10.1177/0960327107086241. Before working with Phostoxin, users must be given Phostoxin training in the use of aluminium phosphide and must obey all the appropriate safety requirements for working with the substance. WS applicators place the tablets or pellets into the target species’ burrow and seal the burrow entrance wi th soil.  |  Aluminium phosphide is a highly toxic inorganic compound with the chemical formula Al P used as a wide band gap semiconductor and a fumigant. It is cheap and easily available. It is rodenticide and pesticide. Aluminium Phosphide. 2016 Nov 30;4(1):11-16. doi: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2016.10.002. no specific studies to evaluate metabolism and distribution of aluminium phosphide in treated commodities were submitted. Aluminium phosphide is created by the fusion of aluminium und red or yellow phosphorus. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. It produces phosphine gas (PH3), a mitochondrial poison thought to cause toxicity by blocking the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme and inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation, which results in cell death. Formulations based on aluminium phosphide (AlP) are the mostly used products for the control of pests in storages, as well for rodents and other outdoor vertebrates. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! NIH This colorless solid is generally sold as a grey-green-yellow powder due to the presence of impurities arising from hydrolysis and oxidation. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Aluminium phosphide is a highly toxic substance and the phosphine gas which it liberates is lethal to all animals at low concentrations in the air in nests, warrens and burrows. 2019 Sep 8;11(9):e5597. 2020 Sep 18;13(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s12245-020-00307-8. Indian J Crit Care Med. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov. It produces phosphine gas, which is a mitochondrial poison. Mortality rates approach 60%. Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Structural use … It produces phosphine gas, which is a mitochondrial poison. The management of AAlPP remains purely supportive because no specific cure exists. USA.gov. Formulation. 2015 Apr;25 Suppl 1:S66-8. Karimani A, Mohammadpour AH, Zirak MR, Rezaee R, Megarbane B, Tsatsakis A, Karimi G. Toxicol Rep. 2018 Oct 28;5:1053-1059. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.10.009. Successful management of zinc phosphide poisoning-a Hungarian case. Unintentional poisoning by phosphine released from aluminum phosphide. Aluminium phosphide is used to control rodents and pests in grain storage facilities.  |  Aluminum phosphide (AlP), an inexpensive solid fumigant, is frequently used for grain conservation despite its alleged high toxicity. Lethality remains elevated reaching rates of >50% and no effective antidote is available. HHS Hum Exp Toxicol. Inhalational Wheat-pill Poisoning: A Household Chemical Warfare Agent. It is concluded that coconut oil has a positive clinical significance and can be added to the treatment protocol of acute aluminium phosphide poisoning in humans. Published by Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.10.009. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23318. Nevertheless, experimental and clinical studies suggested that magnesium sulfate, melatonin, N-acetylcysteine, glutathione, sodium selenite, vitamin C and E, triiodothyronine, liothyronine, vasopressin, milrinone, Laurus nobilis L., 6-aminonicotinamide, boric acid, acetyl-L-carnitine and coconut oil, may serve as antidotes by reducing the deleterious oxidative properties of AlP. Aluminum phosphide (AlP), an inexpensive solid fumigant, is frequently used for grain conservation despite its alleged high toxicity.

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